This page discusses the PostMessage and SendMessage commands and will answer some questions like:
"How do I press a button on a minimized window?"
"How do I select a menu item when WinMenuSelectItem doesn't work with it?!"
"This is a skinnable window.... how do I send a command that works every time?"
"and what about hidden windows?!"
Requirements: AutoHotkey v1.0.09+ and Winspector Spy (http://www.windows-spy.com)
As a first example, note that WinMenuSelectItem fails to work with the menu bar on Outlook Express's "New Message" window. In other words, this code will not work:
WinMenuSelectItem, New Message,, &Insert, &Picture...
But PostMessage can get the job done:
PostMessage, 0x111, 40239, 0, , New Message
Works like a charm! But what the heck is that? 0x111 is the hex code of wm_command message and 40239 is the code that this particular window understands as menu-item 'Insert Picture' selection. Now let me tell you how to find a value such as 40239:
For the next example I'm taking Paint because possibly everyone will have that. Now let's say it's an app where you have to select a tool from a toolbar using AutoHotkey; say the dropper tool is to be selected.
What will you do? Most probably a mouse click at the toolbar button, right? But toolbars can be moved and hidden! This one can be moved/hidden too. So if the target user has done any of this then your script will fail at that point. But the following command will still work:
PostMessage, 0x111, 639,,,untitled - Paint
Another advantage to PostMessage is that the Window can be in the background; by contrast, sending mouse clicks would require it to be active.
Here are some more examples. Note: I'm using WinXP Pro (SP1) ... if you use a different OS then your params may change (only applicable to apps like Wordpad and Notepad that come with windows; for others the params shouldn't vary):
;makes writing color teal in Wordpad
PostMessage, 0x111, 32788, 0, , Document - WordPad
;opens about box in Notepad
PostMessage, 0x111, 65, 0, , Untitled - Notepad
;toggles word-wrap in Notepad
PostMessage, 0x111, 32, 0, , Untitled - Notepad
;play/pause in Windows Media Player
PostMessage, 0x111, 32808, 0, , Windows Media Player
;suspend the hotkeys of a running AHK script!
DetectHiddenWindows, on
SetTitleMatchMode, 2
PostMessage, 0x111, 65305,,, MyScript.ahk - AutoHotkey ; Use 65306 to Pause vs. Suspend.
This above was for PostMessage. SendMessage works the same way but additionally waits for a return value, which can be used for things such as getting the currently playing track in Winamp (see Automating Winamp for an example).
Here are some more notes:
Note: There are apps with which this technique doesn't work. I've had mixed luck with VB and Delphi apps. This technique is best used with C, C++ apps. With VB apps the 'LParam' of the same command keeps changing from one run to another. With Delphi apps... the GUI of some apps doesn't even use wm_command. It probably uses mouse pos & clicks.
Go and explore.... and share your experiences in the AutoHotkey Forum. Feedback is welcome!
This tutorial is not meant for total newbies (no offense meant) since these commands are considered advanced features. So if after reading the above you've not made heads or tails of it, please forget it.
-Rajat